System Development Life Cycle क्या है और इसके चरण क्या है?

fdlh Hkh System ds fodkl ds dbZ pj.k gksrs gSa ftl izdkj fdlh O;fDr dk Js.khc) fodkl gksrk gS mlh izdkj fdlh System dk Hkh fodkl gksrk gS bl fodkl dks ,d pdz ds ek/;e ls n’kkZ;k tkrk gS vr% bls SDLC dgrs gSaA

Steps of SDLC:-

(1) Identification of Need :- fdlh Hkh leL;k dks gy djus ls iwoZ leL;k dks tkuuk o le>uk vko';d gksrk gSa ;fn leL;k tfVy gSa rks Management mldks gy djus ds fy, Analyst dh lgk;rk Hkh ys ldrk gS cM+s laxBuksa esa Analyst leL;k dks ifjHkkf"kr djrk gS rRi'pkr mldks gy djus dk iz;kl djrk gSa bl pj.k esa Analyst fdlh  System ds fodkl esa vkus okyh ykxr dk lgh vuqeku ugha yxk ikrk gSa ;g vuqeku vxys pj.k ls gh yx tkrk gSA bl pj.k esa Analyst bl ckr dk irk yxkrk gS fd fdlh System dh vko’;drk gS ;k ugha vFkkZr ml flLVe dh vko’;drkvksa dks igpkuk tkrk ftlds vk/kkj ij ;g fu.kZ; fy;k tk lds fd flLVe cuk;k tk; ;k ughaA

(2) Feasibility Study%& izkjfEHkd fufj{k.kks ds i'pkr losZ o fufj{k.kks dk foLrkj fd;k tkrk gS ;s Feasibility Study esa vkrs gSa Feasibility Study fdlh System dh dk;Z'khyrk] laxBu ij izHkko User dh vko';drkvksa dh izkfIr o L=ksrks ds izHkko'kkyh iz;ksx ds vk/kkj ij tkaph tkrh gSa bldk eq[; mn~ns'; leL;kvksa dks gy djuk ugha cfYd mu leL;kvksa ds Scope dh tkudkjh izkIr djuk gksrk gSA Feasibility study ds nkSjku leL;kvksa dks ifjHkkf"kr djus ls mu leL;kvksa ds fofHkUu igyqvksa dh tkudkjh izkIr gksrh gSa blds vfrfjDr ykxr o ykHk dh tkudkjh izkIr gksrh gS A bl pj.k esa eq[;r% rhu fo"k;ksa ls lEcfU/kr Feasibility study dh tkrh gS & Economical Feasibility, Technical Feasibility rFkk Social Feasibility.

Feasibility study dk ifj.kke ,d Report gksrh gSa tks fd izLrkfor gykssa (Results) dh tkudkjh nsrh gSa rFkk ;g crkrh gS fd fdlh flLVe dks cukus ds D;k rjhdsa miyC/k gS rFkk muesa ls lcls lgh rjhdk dkSulk gksxkA

(3) Analysis%& ;g fdlh system }kjk fd, tkus okys fofHkUu Operations, mlds vU; System, Sub-System ds lkFk lEcU/kks dk xgu v/;;u gksrk gSA blds vUrxZr eq[; iz'u gksrk gS dh leL;kvksa dks gy djus ds fy, D;k djuk pkfg, \ fdlh System dh lhekvksa o mlds vU; Systems ds lkFk lEcU/kksa dks fu/kkZfjr djuk Hkh Analysis dk Hkkx gksrk gSa Analysis ds nkSjku Data fofHkUu Files ls ,df+=r fd;k tkrk gSA fdlh Hkh Analyst dks vuqHkoh]] ;ksX; o vPNh le> j[kus okyk gksuk pkfg,A fdlh Hkh Analysis ds i'pkr Analyst ;g le> ikrk gSa fd vc mls D;k djuk gSa Analisyt dk vxyk dne leL;kvksa dks gy djus ds rfjdksa dks r; djuk gksrk gSa A vr% bl pj.k esa cuus okys flLVe ls lEcfU/kr fofHkUu izdkj dh tkudkjh;ka ,df=r dh tkrh gSA rkfd vkxs ds pj.kksa esa fdlh Hkh izdkj dh leL;k,a mRiUu u gksA Analysis esa Data ds xyr vkadyu djus ij leL;k mRiUu gksus dh lEHkkouk jgrh gSA

(4) Design- SDLC dk lcls fuekZ.kdkjh pj.k System design gksrk gSA Amalysis ds i'pkr~ flLVe dks design djus dh izfdz;k 'kq: gksrh gSA blds vUrxZr nks izdkj dh design kcuk;h tkrh gS& Logical Design rFkk Physical Design. Design 'kCn Final System o mldks fodflr djus esa o mlds iz;ksx esa vkus okyh fofHkUu izfdz;kvksa dks Hkh O;Dr djrk gSA ;g fofHkUu rduhdh fo’ks"krkvksa dks Hkh O;Dr djrk gSA blds vfrfjDr Design 'kCn fofHkUu izxzkeksa ds fuekZ.k o Testing dh fof/k;ksa dks Hkh O;Dr djrk gSA

(5) Implementation%& blds vUrxZr System dks Computer Remote site, tele Communication network vkfn ls tksM+k tkrk gS System Testing ds ek/;e ls System ds accuricy dks tkuk tkrk gSa tc izksxzke rS;kj gks tkrk gSa rks test Data ds }kjk fofHkUu Files dks use fd;k tkrk gSa ;fn ;g iz;ksx lQy gks tkrk gS rks izksxzke dk fdz;kUo;u Excution live data  ds lkFk fd;k tkrk gSss ;fn iz;ksx lQy ugha gksrk gS rks Programmes esa ls xyfr;kssa dks fudkyus ds fy, Doagnostic Processer fd;k tkrk gS 

(6) Post-Implementation and maintenance :- System  dks ykxw djus ds ckn Post-Inplementation and maintanance pkyq gksrk gS fdlh Hkh System esa Hardware o Software dh ns[kHkky dk dk;Z le;≤ ij gksrk jgrk gS ;fn System esa dksbZ ifjorZu gksrk gS rks mlds vuqlkj Design esa ifjorZu gksrk gS rFkk Design ds vuq:I Hardware  o Software esa ifjorZu djuk gksrk gS le;≤ ij fd, x, ifjorZu System  dh o`f) esa lgk;d fl} gksrs gS A