Structured Analysis क्या है?

;s Graphical tools dk laxzg gS blds ek/;e ls Analyst dks ,d ,sls u;s System dk fuekZ.k djus esa enn feyrh gS tks User ds }kjk vklkuh ls le>k tk lds Structured Analysis, Analyst ds fy, u;s y{;ksa dk Structured Tools dk Use djrh gSa u;s y{; fuEu gksrs gSa

1- tgka rd lEHko gksrk gS User dks vPNs <ax ls le>kus ds fy, Grahics  dk iz;ksx djrs gSA

2- Logical vkSj Physical  System ds e/; varj dks iznf’kZr djrsa gS]

3- User dks System ds xq.k vkSj vkilh lEcU/kks dks Implement djus ls igys ifjfpr djus ds fy, Logical System Model dk fuekZ.k djrs gS

Structured Analysis’s Tools :-

            1. Data Flow Diagram

            2. Data Dictionary

            3. Structurud English

            4. Decision tree

5. Decision table

bldk mnns’; ,d u;k Document cukuk gksrk gS bls System Specification dgrs gS ;g Document System Design vkSj Implementation ds fy, vk/kkj iznku djrk gS la{ksi esa Structured Analysis ds fuEu xq.k gksrs gSa

1- ;g Graphical gksrk gSa] tSls DFD ,d fp= gksrk gS blds }kjk Application

esa mifLFkr lHkh Hkkxksa dks iznf’kZr fd;k tkrk gSA

2- Process ds NksVs Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr gksus ds dkj.k System dh dk;Ziz.kkyh dk Li"V fp= iznf’kZr gksrk gS

3- ;g Physical ds ctk; Logical gksrk gS

4- ;g User area dk xgu v/;;u djus ds fy, iz;qDr gksrk gS

(1) Data Flow Diagram :-  blds vUrxZr fdlh Hkh leL;k dks le>kus ds fy;s dqN fpUgksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA fpUgksa dks vkil esa ,d nwljs ds lkFk tksM+rs gq, leL;k dh 'kq:vkr] MkVk dk Flow rFkk izkslslhax dks le>k;k tkrk gSA pwadh ;g xzkQhdy gksrk gS vr% bl izdkj ls leL;k dks le>uk vklku gks tkrk gS

        DFD esa pkj fpUg iz;qDr gksrs gSa

1. Square ;k oxZ & ;g System ds Source rFkk Destination dks iznf’kZr djrk gS

        2. Arrow:- ;g Data ds Flow dks crkrk gSa

3. Circle:- ;g Process dk n’kkZrk gS ftlds }kjk Incoming Fata Flow dks Outgoing data Flow  esa :ikUrfjr fd;k tkrk gSa

4. Open Rectangle:- ;g Data Storage dks iznf’kZr djrk gSa tgka ij LFkk;h o vLFkk;h Data ,df=r gksrk gSa

	Square

 

                                                       

                            Arrow                                              Open Rectangle

 

DFD izfdz;k eq[; :i ls ogka vR;f/kd izHkko’kkyh gSa tgka ij vko’;d Design  Li"kV ugh gksrh ,oa User rFkk Analyses Communication ds fy, ,d fpfUgr Hkk"kk dh vko’;drk gksrh gSa

(2) Data Dictionary:- DFD esa Data Flow, Process vkSj Data Storage dks uke fn;k tkrk gS ;g Data dk uke bldk foLrkj Extension iznf’kZr ugh djrk gSA vFkkZr~ DFD esa vf/kdrj lwpuk,sa NksVs :i esa gksrh gSA vr% gekjk mn~ns’; ,d Structured LFkku dks cukuk gS tgka ij DFD ds lHkh rRoksa] Data Flow, rFkk Process dks j[kk tk ldsA ;g DFD esa iz;ksx fd, x, lHkh Data elements vkSj Data Dictionary dh iq.kZ ifjHkk"kkvksa dk lewg gksrh gSa Data Dictionary ds fuekZ.k ds nkSjku Analyst dks fuEu ckrksa dk /;ku j[kuk pkfg, A

1- izR;sd Data Flow ds fy, Data Dictionary  esa ,d Entry gksuh pkfg,

2- uke ds }kjk gh entry ifjHkf"kr gksuh pkfg,

3- Data definition esa iqujkofrZ o vuko’;d ifjHkk"kk, ugh gksuh pkfg,

4- Defination fy[kus dh fof/k fuf’pr ,oae Li"V gksuh pkfg,

               

        Data Dictionary Stuctured Spcification dk vVwV fgLlk gSa Data Dictionary ds fcuk DFD v/kwjk gS rFkk DFD ds fcuk Data Dictionary dk dksbZ mi;ksx ugh gksrk vr% nksuks ds chp vkilh lEcU/k vko’;d gSA

(3) Structred English & Dicision tree:- Dicision tree esa 'kk[kk, gksrh gSa ;g Policy  ds Logical Structure  dks ljyrkiwoZd vkjsf[kr djrk gSa ;g cukus le>us rFkk ifjorZu djus esa ljy gksrk gSA ;g Logic dks funsZ’k ds lewg ds :i esa iznf’kZr ugh djrk gSa fd;k tkrk

                        Type of customer        Order                                      Discount

               

                                                Order <5000                                Nil

                                       

                        Wholesaler                   Order >5000 and <10000            15%

Discount                                                          Order >10000                                  25% 

Policy

                                            Order <5000                       Nil    

Retailer                              Order >5000 and <10000                   10%

                                       

                                            Order >10000                       20% 

Decision-Tree

Structured English:- ;g eq[; :i ls Structured  Programming dh rjg gksrh gS bles funsZ’ksa dks iznf’kZr djus ds fy, Logical Constratious vkSj vfr vko’;d okD;ksas dk iz;ksx gksrk gSa dksbZ Hkh Decision If, Then, else tSls okD;ksa }kjk fy;k tkrk gSA

If order is from Wholesaler

and if order is for <5000 copies or more per book title

Then Disccount is Nil

Else (Order is for more than 5000 and <10000 copies per book title)

Then 10% Discount is allowed

Else (order is from liabraries or Individual customers)

If order is for 50 copies or more per book title

Discout is 15%

(4) Dicision table:- Decision tree dk eq[; nks"k bldh jpuk esa Information dh deh gSa Decision Table Problems dks ifjHkkf"kr djus vkSj fy, tkus okys fu.kZ; dh lwph gS ;g ifjfLFkfr;ksas vkSj fu.kZ; ds chp lEcU/k gS Decision table nks part gksrs gS Stub vkSj Entry

Stub post Hkh nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr gksrk gSa mijh Hkkx dks Conditiobn Stub rFkk uhpyk Hkkx Action Stub dgykrk gSA

        Entry Part Hkh nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr gksrk gSa mijh Hkkx dks Conditiobn Entry rFkk uhpys Hkkx dks Action Entry dgrs gSA